Özel Operasyonlar ve Terörle Mücadele’den sorumlu Savunma Bakan Yardımcısı Joe Francescon, Pentagon’un son 20 yıldır odaklandığı terörle mücadele uygulanan asimetrik harp yönteminden istihbarat savaşları ve gri bölge operasyonlarına geçiş yapmaya başladıklarını açıkladı.
Kara Kuvvetleri Komutanlığı bünyesindeki 82. Hava İndirme Tümeni’ne bağlı “Asimetrik Harp Grubu” (AHG), 2018 yılının Ocak ayında eski Savunma Bakanı Jim Mattis’in başlattığı strateji değişiminin bir parçası olarak 2021 yılında kapatılacak. Amerikan askerlerinin muharip eksikliklerini giderme, yapılan hataların çözümü ve bunların muharebe alanına hızla uygulanmasıyla ilgili çalışmalarını hala devam ettiren AHG’nin amacı bir amacı da askerlerin hayatını korumaya yönelikti. 2003 yılında kurulan AHG, görevli personellerini doğrudan çatışma bölgelerine gönderiyor, tehditleri sahada inceliyor ve personellerin karargaha dönmesiyle birlikte çözümleri bulup, hızla uygulamaya koyuyordu. Bu kapsamda eğitmenleri birden fazla savaş alanında bulunan görevli ve emekli askeri personelden oluşuyordu. AHG lağvedilse de kazandırdığı tecrübeler, Kara Kuvvetleri bünyesindeki çeşitli birimlerce devam ettirilecek.
Amerika’nın strateji değişiminin arkasındaki nedenler ise Çin’in büyüyen ekonomisine ve Rusya’nın yaydığı bilgi kirliliği. Pentagon, Çin ve Rusya’nın silahlı çatışmalar öncesinde Amerika ile müttefiklerinin askeri ve ulusal güvenlik paradigmalarını gri alana çekmek istediklerini düşünüyor. AHG’nin Musul ve Rakka operasyonlarından sonraki çalışmaları ise Rusya’nın yeni nesil harp ve Çin’in kara harp stratejilerine yönelik olarak gelecekteki çatışmaların nasıl olacağına yoğunlaşıyordu.
Bakan Yardımcısı Francescon, Kongre’nin önemli üyelerinin terörle mücadeleden neden uzaklaşıldığını anladıklarını ve gelecek yılın bütçesinde de bunun etkisini görmeyi umduklarını söyledi. Francescon artık bazı coğrafyalarda büyük terörle mücadele operasyonları yapmadıklarını bu sebeple bu alana dair daha az kaynak ayıracaklarını söyledi. Söz konusu bu bütçeyi eğitime ayırarak, bilgi işlem ve istihbarat operasyonlarındaki kapasitelerini artıracaklarını ifade etti.
Terörle mücadele ve asimetrik harpten uzaklaşmayacaklarını söyleyen Francescon, çok yüksek maliyetli bu stratejiyi daha küçük bütçelerle idame ettireceklerini, bu noktada uygun maliyetin önemli olduğunu belirtti. Bilgi Savaşı’nı kurumsallaştıracaklarını söyleyen bakan yardımcısı; geçmiş çatışmalardan dersler çıkarılacağını, mevcut deneyimin korunacağını, sadece özel harekat güçlerinde değil tüm müşterek kuvvetlerde bunu sürdüreceklerini ifade etti.
Bilgi Savaşı’na yönelik sürdürülebilir kaynakları kullanarak daha az maliyetli ve daha çevik yapmayı amaçlayan Pentagon, rakiplerinin stratejilerine karşı mücadele edip, müttefikleriyle de ortak faaliyetler de bulunmayı amaçlıyor. Francescon, geçen yıl hava sahasını ihlal ettiği gerekçesiyle İran’ın bir Amerikan İHA’sını düşürdüğüne değinerek, buna askeri cevap vermeye gerek olmadığını ama günün kazananı olmak için rakiplerini daha maliyetli seçeneklere itmek istediklerini söyledi.
Asimetrik harbi Amerika ve müttefiklerinin yararına göre şekillendirmek istediklerini ifade eden Francescon, rakiplerine daha çok maliyet ve stratejilerinde ikilimler oluşturmayı hedeflediklerini söyledi. Strateji değişimleri için yeni kaynakların üretilerek mücadele alanına sürülmesine gerek olmadığını, şiddete başvurulmayacağını belirten bakan yardımcısı, yeni strateji parçalarına halihazırda sahip olduklarını ve bunu yetenekleri doğrultusunda geliştirdiklerini açıkladı.
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