Çin’in uluslararası eleştiriler aldığı için yavaşlattığını söylediği Uygurlar ve diğer azınlıklar için asimilasyon merkezlerine yenilerini eklediği ortaya çıktı. Çin, geçen yıl Müslüman azınlıklara yönelik kitlesel hapsetme nedeniyle artan uluslararası sansürle karşı karşıya kalırken, yetkililer, Sincan’ın batı bölgesindeki beyin yıkama kamplarının sayısının, eski kamp mahkumlarının ‘dönüştürülmüş vatandaşlar’ olarak topluma yeniden katılmasıyla, azaltıldığını ileri sürdü.
Çin hükümetinin bu iddiasına karşılık Avustralya Stratejik Politika Enstitüsü araştırmacıları yaptıkları soruşturmada Sincan’da geçen yıldan bu yana çeşitli gözaltı-asimilasyon merkezleri inşa ettiğini ortaya çıkardı. Yapılan araştırma uydu görüntülerinden elde edilen verilere dayanarak çok sayıda Uygur’un serbest bırakılmak yerine hapishanelere ya da yeni inşa edilen başka merkezlere gönderildiğini iddia etti. Enstitü araştırmacılarından proje başkanı Nathan Ruser delillerin Çin’in iddia ettiği gibi çok sayıda Uygur’un serbest bırakılmak yerine ya yeni inşa edilmiş tesislere gönderildiğini ya da genişletilmiş tesisler içinde tutulduğunu söyledi.
Çin hükümeti Sincan bölgesinde 400’ü bulan asimilasyon kampları konusunda bölgeyi ziyaret eden gazetecileri takip ederek röportaj yapmalarını engelliyor. Kamplara sadece sınırlı ve akredite olmuş ziyaretçileri kabul eden Pekin yönetimi, ziyaretçiler için Uygurların şarkılar söyleyip dans ettiği gösteriler düzenliyor.
Sincan Çin projesinin kilit noktası
Çin’in kuşak-yol girişimi Pekin’in güç ve etkisini ticaret yolu ile Asya ve Avrupa’ya ihraç etmek için çok önem verdiği hayati bir proje. Sincan ise projenin gerçekleşebilmesi için çok önemli bir konuma sahip.
Kuşak-yol girişiminin Asya ve Asya karasından deniz kuşağına ulaşması planlanan projede Sincan, Çin’in Rusya, Pakistan ve Türki cumhuriyetlere açılan yolun kesişme noktasında bulunuyor. Sincan’ın Urumçi kenti Kazakistan ve Rusya’ya, Kaşgar kenti de Pakistan ve deniz ticareti için çok önemli Guvadar limanına uzanan yol projesinde Çin’in başarılı olması için anahtar konumda bulunuyor.
Çin iktidardaki Komünist parti programı ve ticari endişeler ile Sincan Özerk Bölgesi içindeki Uygur Türkleri’nin demokratik, etnik ve dini haklarını elinden alarak bir Çinlileştirme projesi yürütüyor. Çinlileştirme kapsamında 400’ü bulan kampta 1 milyondan fazla Uygur Türkü zorunlu endoktrinasyon ve asimilasyon uygulamalarına maruz kalıyor.
Müslüman Uygur Kültürü de hedefte
2016 yılından bugüne kadar asimilasyon kampları uygulamalarının yanı sıra Çin hükümeti çok sayıda Müslüman Uygur tarihi mirasını ulusal Çin mirası olarak kendi listesine ekledi. Uluslararası tarih mirası olarak tanınmalarına ve uluslararası yasalarla korunmalarına rağmen Çin hükümeti ‘Çin kültür mirası’ olarak listediği çok sayıda Uygur cami, türbe, ev ve geleneksel mimari ve anıtı ya tamamen yok etti ya da tahrip ederek ‘dönüştürdü’.
Avustralya Stratejik Politika Enstitüsü raporuna göre 2017’den bu yana Sincan’daki her üç camiden birinin yıkıldığını tahmin ediyor. Bu rakam, 2017’den bu yana, çoğu hükümet politikaları sonucunda yıkılan veya hasar gören Sincan’daki yaklaşık 16.000 camiye eşittir (toplamın %65’i). Bu camilerin yarısından fazlası – yaklaşık 8.500 (± 4%) – ise açık şekilde Pekin hükümeti tarafından yıkıldı. Çin’de 2018 sonu itibari ile uluslararası veya Çin içinde rekreasyon ruhsatı alabilen cami sayısı ise sadece 16.
Kamplar, cezaevleri ve organ hasadı
Acta Fabula’nın 4 Eylül’de yayınladığı “Göçmenler, Yoksullar ve Azınlıkların Hasadı: Yasadışı Organ Ticareti” başlıklı makale Çin’in asimilasyon kamplarının yanında Uygur Türklerinden ve diğer azınlık veya muhalif kesimlerden mahkumların bedenlerini hasat ettiğini ortaya koymuştu.
David Matas ile David Kilgour’un Çin merkezli organ ticaretini kaleme aldığı Kanlı Hasat kitabında böbrek fiyatı 62 bin dolar olarak belirtilmişti. Matas ve Kilgour’un çalışması Çin hükümetinin Falun Gong üyelerini tutukladıktan sonra organlarını alıp karaborsa şekilde piyasaya sunduğunu ortaya çıkarmıştı. O dönem için Çin devletinin kayda geçirdiği 10 bin organ nakli sayısının gerçekte 6 kat, 60 bin civarında, olduğu da bu çalışma ile deşifre edilmişti.
Uluslararası kuruluşlar birçok defa Çin hükümetinin Uygurlardan kan, DNA ve doku örneklerini organ hasadı maksadıyla topladığını duyurdu. Çin’in bu amaçla 19 milyona yakın Uygur Türkü’nden örnek topladığı İnsan Hakları İzleme Örgütü tarafından raporlandı. Çin hükümeti adına Türkistan bölgesi başkenti Urumçi’de Uygur Türklerinin organlarını hasat eden Dr. Enver Tohti’nin ifadesi de Mahkemenin kanıtları arasında yer aldı.
Tüm bu uygulamalara rağmen uluslararası sistemin çarpık yapısı, Türkiye ve İslam ülkelerinin Çin ile ticari bağları nedeniyle Uygur Türkleri konusunda aktif hiçbir girişim yapılamamıştır.
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